Frequently Ignored Signs of Vitamin B12 Deficiency

6. Glossitis and Mouth Ulcers

Glossitis, or inflammation of the tongue, is another often ignored sign of B12 deficiency. The tongue may appear swollen, red, or smooth, and can be painful or sensitive. Mouth ulcers may also develop, making eating and speaking uncomfortable.

Why it happens:
B12 is critical for DNA synthesis and red blood cell production. Deficiency affects rapidly dividing cells, including those lining the tongue and mouth, leading to inflammation and ulceration.

What to do:
Increasing intake of B12-rich foods or using supplements usually helps resolve these symptoms over time.

Risk Factors for B12 Deficiency

Some people are more prone to B12 deficiency, including:

• Vegans or strict vegetarians (B12 is primarily found in animal products)
• Older adults with reduced stomach acid (needed to absorb B12)
• People with digestive disorders (e.g., Crohn’s disease, celiac disease)
• People using specific drugs (such as proton pump inhibitors and metformin)

Awareness of risk factors allows for early testing and prevention.

Prevention and Treatment

• Dietary intake: Include meat, fish, eggs, dairy, or fortified plant-based alternatives.
• Supplements: Oral supplements or injections may be necessary for people with absorption issues.
• Regular checkups: Blood tests can detect deficiency before severe symptoms appear.

Conclusion

Vitamin B12 deficiency is often overlooked because its symptoms develop slowly and can mimic other conditions. Persistent fatigue, nerve problems, pale or jaundiced skin, cognitive difficulties, mood changes, and tongue inflammation are key warning signs.

Early detection is crucial to prevent irreversible nerve damage and maintain overall health. By recognizing these subtle symptoms and taking corrective action through diet or supplementation, you can protect your nervous system, improve energy levels, and support long-term well-being.